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The membranes surrounding cells and organelles constitute their
interface with the local environment. The functions of membrane
proteins include cell/cell and cell/extracellular matrix
recognition, the reception and transduction of extracellular
signals, and the tra- port of proteins, solutes and water
molecules. Abnormal membrane protein expression has profound
biological effects and may, for example, underlie phenotypic and
functional differences between normal and tumour cells. Moreover
the accessibility, particularly of plasma proteins traversing the
plasma membrane of cells, makes them of particular ut- ity to the
therapeutic intervention in disease. Indeed, it is estimated that
of all currently licensed pharmaceuticals, approximately 70% target
proteins resident in the plasma m- brane. In theory, unbiased
technologies such as proteomics have the power to de?ne patterns of
membrane protein expression characteristic of distinct states of
cellular development, differentiation or disease, and thereby
identify novel markers of, or targets for intervention in, disease.
However, although about 25% of open reading frames in fully
sequenced genomes are estimated to encode integral membrane
proteins, global analysis of membrane protein expression has proved
problematic. Membrane protein analysis poses unique challenges at
the level of extraction, solubilization, and separation in
particular, and to a lesser extent of identi?cation and
quantitation. These challenges have, however, fostered creativity,
in- vation, and technical advances, many of which are brought
together in Membrane P- teomics.
The membranes surrounding cells and organelles constitute their
interface with the local environment. The functions of membrane
proteins include cell/cell and cell/extracellular matrix
recognition, the reception and transduction of extracellular
signals, and the tra- port of proteins, solutes and water
molecules. Abnormal membrane protein expression has profound
biological effects and may, for example, underlie phenotypic and
functional differences between normal and tumour cells. Moreover
the accessibility, particularly of plasma proteins traversing the
plasma membrane of cells, makes them of particular ut- ity to the
therapeutic intervention in disease. Indeed, it is estimated that
of all currently licensed pharmaceuticals, approximately 70% target
proteins resident in the plasma m- brane. In theory, unbiased
technologies such as proteomics have the power to de?ne patterns of
membrane protein expression characteristic of distinct states of
cellular development, differentiation or disease, and thereby
identify novel markers of, or targets for intervention in, disease.
However, although about 25% of open reading frames in fully
sequenced genomes are estimated to encode integral membrane
proteins, global analysis of membrane protein expression has proved
problematic. Membrane protein analysis poses unique challenges at
the level of extraction, solubilization, and separation in
particular, and to a lesser extent of identi?cation and
quantitation. These challenges have, however, fostered creativity,
in- vation, and technical advances, many of which are brought
together in Membrane P- teomics.
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